C R IC O S

0 00 2 6A

T E Q S A

P R V 1 2 05 7 INFS5002 Foundations in

Business Information

Systems Lecture 8: BIS as workflow Dr. Mylène Struijk The University of Sydney Agenda for today 1. BIS and workflow

2. Workshop BPMN 3. Activity: Practice drawing a BPMN BIS as workflow Business processes Business process modeling is hardly a new idea • Companies know how to do a lot of things that can be understood as business

processes, with and without any technology (IT) support • “Officially” the concept of BPs can be traced back to the early 1920’s under the term

‘methods and procedure analysis’

• But ‘unofficially’ BPM have been around for a long, long time…

Functional perspective of the organisation Focus on

specialised

functions. Vertical,

hierarchical

relations up &

down in the

organisation Visions,

Strategies, Goals,

Objectives,

… Quantifying

Reports, sales

data, expenditure,

KPI… Lateral Communication What is a business process?

• A business process consists of a group of logically related coordinated activities

(tasks) that use organisational resources to provide defined results in support of the

organisation’s objectives. – A business process is a set of interlocking activities that work together across the

organisation to achieve a predetermined organisational goal. e.g. Procuring

resources e.g. 1.Determine what to buy 2.Find vendor 3.Order 4.Check goods 5.Pay e.g. 1.Purchasing 2.Logistics 3.Finance Process perspective of the organisation P u rc h a s in g Procurement Process Focus on

business

processes,

across the

organisationF in a n c e L o g is ti c s P ro d u c ti o n Lateral Communication A c c o u n ti n g Function versus process perspective Functional

perspective Process

perspective Focus What is done How it is done Orientation Vertical Horizontal Objective Task driven Customer driven Personnel Specialists – highly

defined tasks Generalists – tasks

across the

process; BP

owners

What is a business process?

• BPs constitute a significant portion of organisational costs • There is significant opportunity to improve efficiency by improving BPs • BPs exist at all organisational levels • BPs create a sustainable competitive advantage • BPs improve organisational decision-making • BPs are one of the key organisational assets BPs need to be managed! Goals: *Making processes efficient

*Making processes effective

*Making processes adaptable (agile) The University of Sydney Summary • What BPs are and why they are important • The relevance and value of a BP orientation Workshop: An introduction into BPMN BPMN Notation and Syntax 1: Events Events Start Event: – Every process begins with a

start event. End Event: – Every process ends with at

least one end event. Timer event: – This is a so-called inter- mediate event, which can

happen anywhere in the

process – The event waits for something

to happen (e.g. a specified

time to pass); can be used to

model a delay or pause. Start event End event Timer event BPMN Notation and Syntax 2: Activities and sub-processes Activities Task – An atomic activity. – Represents the work

performed in this process step – Usually requires some input

and creates an output. – These are depicted as documents. Sub process – A compound activity. – Represents a complex activity. – The plus symbol Indicates that

it can be opened for more

detail. – Can be detailed in a separate

model. Activity Activity + Sub process Task BPMN Notation and Syntax 3: Flows and objects Process flow – Also called: sequence flow. – Models the order of activities

(normal flow). – Activities happen strictly in the order

they are connected by sequence

flow elements. Message flow / data flow – Represents the flow of data objects. – Data objects can be attached to

sequence flow arrows; no separate

message flow is needed. – Message flow only needed, when

data flows separate from sequence

flow. Connections Process flow Message flow Artefact Transation details Data object BPMN Notation and Syntax 4: Gateways Gateways Gateways control the process flow and help

implement process logic. Parallel Fork / Join –Read symbol as “AND” Exclusive Decision / Merge –Read symbol as “X-clusive” –Distinguish between splits and merges – Split: divides process flow in

separate paths (multiple outgoing

flows) – Merge: Brings together process

paths (multiple incoming flows) X + Parallel Fork/Join Exclusive Decision/ Merge BPMN Notation and Syntax 5: Pools and lanes (entities) Pools – Act as containers for processes – Each pool represents one participant

in a business process (e.g. customer or

supplier) – Empty pools are sometimes used to

model document exchanges Swim lanes – Used to better visualise the activities

carried out by different internal

business roles Entities L a n e

2 L a n e

1 A summary of the notation Events Start event End event Timer event Gateways X + Parallel Fork/Join Exclusive Decision/ Merge Entities L a n e

2 L a n e

1 Activities Activity Activity + Sub process Task Connections Process flow Message flow Transation details Pizza Delivery example General steps to create a Business Process Model 1. Conduct interviews with relevant people 2. Constructing a process narrative from the

interviews 3. Create a Table of Entities and Activities 4. Construct BPM using the appropriate

syntax What activities are performed? What records of the activities do they maintain? What data are required and generated by each activity? From whom are the data received? To whom are the data sent? … Verify your narrative! Get your informants to

read the narrative and

ask them if there is

anything they missed?

Entities are your pools and swim lanes. Activities are the ‘boxes’ Documents indicate information flows Maps are often drafted roughly …Before being tidied up in Visio, Adonis:CE, ARIS, bpmn.io

or other software Summary • BPMN is a powerful tool for modelling

business processes • BPMN shows us: • Who is involved (entities) • What is done (activities) • Where a process starts and ends • The flow of the process including

alternatives Activity Draw a BPMN Events Start event End event Timer event Activities Activity Activity + Sub process Task Gateways X + Parallel Fork/Join Exclusive Decision/ Merge Connections Process flow Message flow Transation details Customers phone the sales person to place

an order. The sales person completes a 3- copy pre-numbered order request that lists

the customer’s name, delivery address, and

the items being ordered. Copy 1 is verified

by the sales person and filed in a tray. The

sales person sends Copy 2 to the sales

manager. The sales manager signs Copy 2

and mails it to the customers. Copy 3 is sent

to the Accounting Dept by the sales person. Your task: Draw a BPMN

Entities L a n e

2 L a n e

1 Debrief: Entities and Activities Customers phone the sales person to place an order. The sales person

completes a 3-copy pre-numbered order request that lists the customer’s name,

delivery address, and the items being ordered. Copy 1 is verified by the sales

person and filed in a tray. The sales person sends Copy 2 to the sales

manager. The sales manager signs Copy 2 and mails it to the customers.

Copy 3 is sent to the Accounting Dept by the sales person.

BPMN.IO to start constructing your BPMN

BPMN Getaways: Control the process flow and implement process logic Comes in pairs with splits (outgoing) and merges (incoming) Exclusive decision: Only one outgoing path can be followed! Parallel decision: Both outgoing paths must be followed! And both incoming paths must be fulfilled! Enjoy your mid-semester break! See you in week 9 INFS5002 Dr. Mylène Struijk [email protected] 51作业君版权所有