PsychologyofThinking:MidtermReviewPacket
PsychologyofThinking
MidtermReviewPacket
Details:
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LiveonlinetestduringnormalclasstimeonTuesday,July9(2pm-4:05pm)
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Youcanstartanytimeduringthattimeperiod,andonceyoubeginyouwill
have30minutestocompletethetest(45minutesifyouhave
accommodationsfor50%extratime,mustbecommunicatedaheadoftimeto
meviaemail!)
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Therewillbe3differentformsofthetest,andyouwillrandomlybeassignedto
1ofthe3forms
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Testwillbeopenbook,opennote,openinternet(youcanuseanything!),but
youshouldstudythepapersaheadoftimeoryouwon’thaveenoughtime
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TestwillcoverassignedpapersONLY(andrelatedactivities.Forexample,we
maytestthattheThematicApperceptionTestisusedtomeasure
psychodynamictendencies,butwewillNOTtestthespecificdetailsofthe
ThematicApperceptionTest)
Format:
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Testwillbecomposedof10questions
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6multiplechoiceworth10pointseach,2shortanswerquestionsworth20
pointseach,2extracreditquestionsworth5pointseach
PsychologyofThinking:MidtermReviewPacket
Week2:Behaviorism
MultipleChoice
1.AncientGreekphilosophersposedthatarockacceleratedtowardstheearth
becauseitbecamemore______.
A)Heavy
B)Magnetic
C)Jubilant
D)Dense
2.Theterm"occult"inthecontextofpre-scientificthinkingrefersto:
A)Mysticalorsupernaturalexplanationsthatlackempiricalsupport.
B)Thehiddenorunseenmechanismsunderlyingbehavior.
C)Esotericpracticeswidelyacceptedinscientificcommunities.
D)Earlypsychologicaltheoriesthathavebeendisprovenbutarestillstudied.
3.ThinkaboutBehaviorismasawhole(Skinner,Thorndike,Watson).Howdoes
thinkingfitintotheirtheories?
A)Itisirrelevantandnon-existent.
B)Itisabyproductofbehavioralresponses.
C)Itiscentralandcrucialtobehaviormodification.
D)Itisanemergentpropertythatcannotbedirectlystudied.
ShortAnswer
1.Howmightaddictionbeviewedbyabehaviorist?Andhowcoulditbecured?
2.Howcouldbehaviorismbeweaponizedtograbyourattentionormoney?
Whereareyouseeingthis,andhowwouldabehavioristrecommendyou
protectyourself?
PsychologyofThinking:MidtermReviewPacket
Week3:FreudandPsychodynamicThinking
MultipleChoice
1.Sublimationrefersto:
A.Theprocessbywhichsolidmaterialsturntogaswithoutbecomingliquid.
B.Thetransformationofunwantedimpulsesintosomethinglessharmful.
C.Theactofprojectingone’sfeelingsontoanotherperson.
D.Thereinforcementofneuroticbehaviorduetorepeatedexposure.
2.Transferenceisbestdescribedas:
A.Theredirectionoffeelingsanddesires,especiallythoseunconsciously
retainedfromchildhood,towardanewobject.
B.Adefensemechanismwhereunacceptableimpulsesareconvertedinto
theiropposites.
C.Asituationwhereapatienttransfersneurologicalsymptomsinto
psychologicalailments.
D.Thetherapist’semotionalreactiontothepatient'saccount.
3.Freuddiscusses'errors'inpsychoanalytictheory;whatdoeshereferto,and
whyaretheyconsideredimportant?Anexampleofsuchan'error'is:
A.Minormistakesintherapythatcanbeignoredastheyhavelittleimpact
ontreatmentoutcomes.
B.Unintendedwordsoractionsthatrevealunconsciousthoughtsordesires,
importantforunderstandingthepsyche.
C.Deliberatedeceptionsbypatients,whichchallengethetherapeutic
process.
D.Errorsindiagnosisbypsychoanalysts,typicallyleadingtoincorrect
treatmentplans.
4.Whichofthefollowingisnotakeytenetofcontemporarypsychoanalytic
theoryasdiscussedbyFreud?
A.Theunconsciousmindplaysasignificantroleinbehavior.
B.Humanbehaviorislargelyinfluencedbypastexperiences.
C.Allhumanbehaviorisbiologicallydeterminedandindependentof
childhoodexperiences.
PsychologyofThinking:MidtermReviewPacket
D.Conflictsbetweenconsciousandunconsciousmaterialcanresultin
mentaldisturbances.
ShortAnswer
1.Whatarethekeytenetsofcontemporarypsychoanalytictheory?Describedefense
mechanisms(inpsychoanalyticterms)andtheirimportance.
2.DescribeFreud’spointofviewwhenitcomestotherelationshipbetweensexual
impulsesandcivilization.
PsychologyofThinking:MidtermReviewPacket
Week4:CognitiveThinking
MultipleChoice
1.Thenegativecognitivetriadincognitivetherapyinvolvesnegativethoughts
aboutallofthefollowing,EXCEPT:
A)Theself
B)Thefuture
C)Theworld
D)Physicalhealth
2.AnindividualwithapessimisticexplanatorystyleisMOSTlikelytoexplain
negativeeventsas:
A)Temporaryandspecific
B)Permanentandpervasive
C)Irrelevantandinconsequential
D)Unpredictableandrandom
3.AccordingtoBeck,thebasicstrategythatunderliestheinteractionbetween
clientandtherapistincognitivetherapyisoneof:
A)Collaboration
B)Instruction
C)Interpretation
D)Observation
KeyPoints
1.Giveanoutlineofatleast3majordifferencesbetweencognitivetherapyand
psychodynamictherapy.
2.Whatisthegenderdifferencewhenitcomestodepression?Whymightthis
gapexist?
PsychologyofThinking:MidtermReviewPacket
Week5:IntelligentThinking
MultipleChoice
1.AccordingtoSternberg'sTriarchicTheoryofIntelligence,whichofthe
followingisNOToneofthethreeaspectsofintelligence?
A)Analyticalintelligence
B)Creativeintelligence
C)Practicalintelligence
D)Emotionalintelligence
2.IntheWechslerIntelligenceScales,theVerbalandPerformanceScalesare
usedto:
A)Assessbothinheritedintelligenceandlearnedabilitiesseparately
B)Distinguishbetweenacademicknowledgeandreal-world
problem-solvingskills
C)Evaluatetwodistincttypesofintelligence:linguisticandspatial
D)Provideacomprehensiveoverviewofanindividual'scognitive
abilities
3.Fluidintelligenceischaracterizedby:
A)Theabilitytoutilizelong-standingcognitiveabilitiesinfamiliartasks
B)Thecapacitytosolvenovelproblemswithoutrelyingonprevious
knowledge
C)Theaccumulationoffacts,knowledge,andskillsthroughlife
experiences
D)Theabilitytounderstandandmanageemotionseffectively
4.Crystallizedintelligencecanbestbedescribedas:
A)Theabilitytoreasonquicklyandabstractly
B)Theabilitytouselearnedknowledgeandexperience
C)Thecapacitytodevelopnewstrategiestosolveunfamiliarproblems
D)Theabilitytoperformwellundertimepressure
PsychologyofThinking:MidtermReviewPacket
ShortAnswer
1.WhatarethesubtestsontheWechslerAdultIntelligenceScale(eitherversionIVor
5isfine)?
2.AccordingtoSternberg,whatissuccessfulintelligence?
PsychologyofThinking:MidtermReviewPacket
Week6:CreativeThinking
MultipleChoice
1.Whichofthefollowingbestdistinguishesdivergentfromconvergent
thinking?
A)Divergentthinkingfocusesongeneratingmultiplesolutionstoa
singleproblem,whileconvergentthinkingseeksthesinglebest
solution.
B)Divergentthinkingisastructuredapproach,whileconvergent
thinkingismoreabstract.
C)Convergentthinkingallowsformultiplecorrectanswers,whereas
divergentthinkingfocusesonnarrowingdownoptions.
D)Divergentthinkingisprimarilyusedinmathematics,while
convergentthinkingisusedinthearts.
2.Accordingtothebipartitedefinitionofcreativity,creativeideasmustbe:
A)Novelanduseful
B)Unexpectedandcomplex
C)Originalandreplicable
D)Innovativeandprofitable
3.Inthecontextofdivergentthinking,'fluency'refersto:
A)Theabilitytoproduceideasthatarebothnovelanduseful.
B)Thequalityofbeingexpressiveandeasytounderstand.
C)Thespeedandeasewithwhichnewideasaregenerated.
D)Thevolumeofrelevantideasproducedwithinagiventime.
KeyPoints
1.Howarememesrelatedtocreativity?
2.AccordingtoRunco,howshouldDTtasksbescored?
3.AccordingtoCsikszentmihalyi,whereiscreativity?
PsychologyofThinking:MidtermReviewPacket
Scoring
ExampleQuestion:
Howmightaddictionbeviewedbyabehaviorist?Andhowcoulditbecured?
Answer:
Fromabehavioristperspective,addictionisviewedasalearnedbehavior,
reinforcedbythepleasurableeffectsofaddictivesubstancesoractions.Accordingto
SkinnerinBeyondFreedomandDignity,"Apersondoesnotactupontheworld,the
worldactsuponhim."Thus,thereinforcementstrengthensthebehavior,makingit
morelikelytorecur.Tocureaddiction,abehavioristwouldrecommendusing
extinctionandcounterconditioningstrategies,whichwouldinvolveremovingthe
reinforcingstimuliandintroducingnew,positivereinforcementsforalternative,
non-addictivebehaviors,asdemonstratedinWolpe'ssystematicdesensitization
studies.
Thisanswerearnsfullcredit(20points)becauseit:
1.Correctlyanswersthequestion(4points).
2.Citesarelevantpaper/studyfromclass(4points).
3.Usesrelevantvocabulary(4points).
4.Iswritteninclear,conciselanguage(4points).
5.
Doesnotgooverthe4sentencelimit(4points).
Studying:
Readthepapers.DotheCheatSheets.StudytheCheatSheets.
Material:
Themajorityofyourtestwillbeexactlythequestionsabove.
1-2ofthequestionsmaybecombinationsorslightvariationsoftheabovetopics.
ExtraCreditQuestionswillbedifferentfromtheabovequestions(butmaterialthat
wascoveredinclass).
