Rules are Made to Be Broken

RRuulleess aarree MMaaddee ttoo BBee BBrrookkeenn(ly Followed)

Probabilistically Modeling the Dynamics of

Avoiding the Law

Rui-Jie Yew

Instead…

Instead…

Today…

Today…

Intellectual Property

American

Broadcasting Cos.,

String of P2P

Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.

Copyright Cases in

(2014)

the Early 2000’s

Today…

Tax Law

Intellectual Property

American

Broadcasting Cos.,

String of P2P

Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.

Copyright Cases in Split transactions

(2014)

the Early 2000’s

Today…

Tax Law Agricultural Law

Intellectual Property

American

Broadcasting Cos.,

String of P2P

Mutagenic crops in response to

Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.

Copyright Cases in Split transactions

EU scheme for GMO plants

(2014)

the Early 2000’s

It’s a legal system!

It’s a legal system!

•

“Compliance” can look

surprising

It’s a legal system!

•

“Compliance” can look

surprising

•

Look beyond the letter of the

law to its responses

It’s a legal system!

•

“Compliance” can look

surprising

•

Look beyond the letter of the

law to its responses

•

Model practical effects and

consequences

Research Objectives and Contributions

Research Objectives and Contributions

•

Implement, evaluate, and extend a dynamical system model

of relationship between lenders and regulators

Research Objectives and Contributions

•

Implement, evaluate, and extend a dynamical system model

of relationship between lenders and regulators

Research Objectives and Contributions

•

Implement, evaluate, and extend a dynamical system model

of relationship between lenders and regulators

Research Objectives and Contributions

•

Implement, evaluate, and extend a dynamical system model

of relationship between lenders and regulators

Research Objectives and Contributions

•

Implement, evaluate, and extend a dynamical system model

of relationship between lenders and regulators

•

Presents a first step toward modeling the avoidance of the

law as an excludable good

Background

Background

•

Overview of differential equations

Background

•

Overview of differential equations

•

Overview of existing model

Lokta-Volterra Equations

Population density of prey

dx

= αx − βxy

dt

Effect of predator on

growth rate

dy

= − γ y + δxy

dt

Effect of prey on

growth rate

Population density of predator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotka–Volterra_equations

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTesORG5H-A

Logistic Growth

dN N

= rN 1 −

( )

dt K

Carrying capacity

https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Calculus/Calculus_(OpenStax)/08:_Introduction_to_Differential_Equations/8.04:_The_Logistic_Equation

Subject-Regulator Equations

dL L

i T

= L g 1 − − (L f ) − (L R d) + L Q − L Q

( ) ( )

[ ]

i i i i i−1 i−1,i i i,i+1

( )

dt K

[ ]

L

Logistic growth

Subject mutation from generation i to I+1

Subject mutation from generation i-1 to i

dR R

i i

= P + R m 1 −

i−1,i i i

( )

dt K

R

Logistic growth

Regulator mutation from

generation i-1 to i

oithmayr, Daria, et al. "The Cat and Mouse of Getting Around the Law." Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference of The Computational Social Science Society of the Americas. Springer International Publishing, 2021.

https://web.archive.org/web/20210110033314/http://www.dariaroithmayr.com/pdfs/Online-Supplement.pdf

Subject / Regulator Mutation as a Probabilistic Process

L

, if i

0.01 r . v . ≤

L

P =

T

i,i+1

, else

0

L

, if i+1

r . v . r . v . ≤ s * R * d + cc *

( )

i

L + L

Q =

i i+1

i,i+1

, else

0

Innovator rate

Copycatter rate

Roithmayr, Daria, et al. "The Cat and Mouse of Getting Around the Law." Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference of The Computational Social Science Society of the Americas. Springer International Publishing, 2021.

https://web.archive.org/web/20210110033314/http://www.dariaroithmayr.com/pdfs/Online-Supplement.pdf

Contributions

Contributions

•

Reproducibility / simulation

Contributions

•

Reproducibility / simulation

•

Modeling avoidance as an excludable good

Simulations

Avoidance as an Excludable Good

Wu, Tim. "When code isn't law." Va. L. Rev. 89 (2003): 679.

Avoidance as an Excludable Good

Wu, Tim. "When code isn't law." Va. L. Rev. 89 (2003): 679.

Competitive Lokta-Volterra Equations

Effects of inter-species dynamics

proportional to intra-species

dynamics

dx x + α x

1 1 12 2

= r x 1 −

1 1

( ( ))

dt K

1

dx x + α x

2 2 21 1

= 1 −

( ( ))

dt K

2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotka–Volterra_equations

Subject-Regulator Equations

dL

L + α L

i

iT ic cT

i

= L g 1 − − (L f ) − (L R d) + L Q − L Q

( ) ( )

i i i i [ i i−1,i i i,i+1 ]

dt [ i ( ( K ))] i i i−1 i

L Split

i

Populations

of

copycatters

dL

L + α L

c and

cT ci iT

i

= L g 1 − − (L f ) − (L R d) + L Q − L Q

( ) ( )

c c c i [ c i−1,i c i,i+1 ] innovators

i i i i−1 i

dt K

( )

L

c

dR R

i i

= P + R m 1 −

i−1,i i i

( )

dt K

R

oithmayr, Daria, et al. "The Cat and Mouse of Getting Around the Law." Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference of The Computational Social Science Society of the Americas. Springer International Publishing, 2021.

https://web.archive.org/web/20210110033314/http://www.dariaroithmayr.com/pdfs/Online-Supplement.pdf

Over Time

α = 0

ci

α = 0.75

ic

Relevance to CS & Society

Relevance to CS & Society

•

New, burdensome technology regulations:

EU AI Act, Executive Order, U.S.Federal

Privacy Law?

Relevance to CS & Society

•

New, burdensome technology regulations:

EU AI Act, Executive Order, U.S.Federal

Privacy Law?

•

There will be incentives to avoid regulations.

Relevance to CS & Society

•

New, burdensome technology regulations:

EU AI Act, Executive Order, U.S.Federal

Privacy Law?

•

There will be incentives to avoid regulations.

•

Can’t simply take protections on paper for

what they are.

References

References

•

Roithmayr, Daria, et al. "The Cat and Mouse of Getting Around the

Law." Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference of The

Computational Social Science Society of the Americas. Springer

International Publishing, 2021.

References

•

Roithmayr, Daria, et al. "The Cat and Mouse of Getting Around the

Law." Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference of The

Computational Social Science Society of the Americas. Springer

International Publishing, 2021.

•

Katz, Leo. Why the law is so perverse. University of Chicago Press, 2011.

References

•

Roithmayr, Daria, et al. "The Cat and Mouse of Getting Around the

Law." Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference of The

Computational Social Science Society of the Americas. Springer

International Publishing, 2021.

•

Katz, Leo. Why the law is so perverse. University of Chicago Press, 2011.

•

Wu, Tim. "When code isn't law." Va. L. Rev. 89 (2003): 679.

References

•

Roithmayr, Daria, et al. "The Cat and Mouse of Getting Around the

Law." Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference of The

Computational Social Science Society of the Americas. Springer

International Publishing, 2021.

•

Katz, Leo. Why the law is so perverse. University of Chicago Press, 2011.

•

Wu, Tim. "When code isn't law." Va. L. Rev. 89 (2003): 679.

•

Burk, Dan L. "Perverse innovation." Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 58 (2016): 1.

References

•

Roithmayr, Daria, et al. "The Cat and Mouse of Getting Around the

Law." Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference of The

Computational Social Science Society of the Americas. Springer

International Publishing, 2021.

•

Katz, Leo. Why the law is so perverse. University of Chicago Press, 2011.

•

Wu, Tim. "When code isn't law." Va. L. Rev. 89 (2003): 679.

•

Burk, Dan L. "Perverse innovation." Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 58 (2016): 1.

•

https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/res-18-009-learn-differential-equations-

up-close-with-gilbert-strang-and-cleve-moler-fall-2015/resources/

predator-prey-equations/

Thank you!