Coursework Submission Form Assessors: Dr. Katherine Curran Module: BENV0126 UCL Candidate Code: Group 10 Word Count: 1724 Developing a Causal Loop Diagram for the Natural History Museum Date of Submission: 19 October, 2022 UCL INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE HERITAGE Acknowledgement The authors gratefully acknowledge the constructive feedback from Group 9. UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage Group 10 - BENV0126 Abstract The fundamental goal of The Natural History Museum (NHM), as stated on its website, is to ‘create advocates for the planet: individuals who feel sufficiently informed, confident and motivated to make wise decisions, to get involved, and to use their influence and actions to make a positive difference to the global future’. (The Natural History Museum, n.d.) Following this goal are strategies that the museum has made effort to visualizing it. This project aims to look at how NHM functions as a sustainable learning tool that does not only focus on collection display within its site, but its relationship with the community, the institution, and the public, so that the museum is sustainable in the way that it serves its purpose, addresses global issues to encourage proactive change in the public’s everyday life, and is well-supported to continue its function. UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage Group 10 - BENV0126 14 5 7 UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage Contents 1 Definition of Terms 2 The Causal Loop Diagram for the Natural History Museum 3 Data Support of the Diagram 4 Contribution Table Group 10 - BENV0126 1 Definition of Terms Authority of Museum Director: the official power of the Museum Director, who reports to the Board of Trustees, that enables him/her to make decisions on managing the museum. His work is constantly evaluated by the Board of Trustees Building Digital Learning Facilities means facilities for the scanning and modeling are built to digitize products and present them in electronic devices, enabling visitors to have a more interactive experience Collection in Storage means collections that are not displayed to visitors but kept in the storage due to limitation of exhibition space, categories of the collections or condition of the collections Competition between Museums for Grants: while some government grants are awarded to NHM to support its development, some are decided upon applications alongside those from other museums. When more museums are competing for the grants, it may result in fewer amount of grants received for NHM. Creating Channels for News Update means that the museum uses multiple media platforms to update its audience with information, for instance, new activities and nature-related knowledge. It is a way to expand audience’s spectrum meanwhile keeping active communication with the community. Creating Learning Opportunities means many different forms of activities being created for increasing learning opportunities for the museum’s visitors Demand on Volunteers means the museum’s demand on more volunteers to ensure its smooth operation Developing Landscape means the museum and the outdoor area surrounding it that create a natural habitat of native biodiversity. Diversity of Presentation: different ways collections are presented to the audience, e.g. graphics and written display boards, documentaries, etc. Engagement with the Community means how the museum sees its function and capability as a learning tool for sustainability education, instead of a building that deters public access Expanding Museum Collection means the exchange of collections between museums as a representation of network building Formulating Development Strategies means management strategies used to give a direction of the museum’s development, including its handling of collections, partnership, research, networking, etc. An example is how NHM declares ‘A PLANETARY EMERGENCY’ to raise public awareness of climate change issues. (The Natural History Museum, 2020) Geographical Barriers means barriers that deter or stop visitors from accessing the actual museum, for instance, long distance travel, capacity of the area, travel cost, etc. Handling of Collections means curation, conservation and arrangement for display of museum’s products Improvement of Public Transport means improvement of transportation in the area to facilitate museum visiting and travelling by other users in the area Improving Museum Profile means improving NHM’s reputation in the community Income from Merchandize Sales: the sale of merchandize, including a variety of iconic stuffed toys, animal figures, souvenir shirts and educational books, as a source of income of the museum for sustainable development UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage Group 10 - BENV0126 1 Income of NHM: the museum’s income includes subsidy and grants from the government, donations from individuals, the holding of different regional events and the sale of museum merchandize Internship Opportunities means internship opportunities provided by NHM in different departments, e.g. media, marketing or archive departments Legislation: NHM is a charity and a statutory corporation, that has the obligation to comply with relevant laws that supervise its operation Museum Network Improvement means strengthening the connection with other museums, the public, business sectors and local government Museum-based Learning Resources be Widely Used means academically credited learning materials are widely used by schools for education purposes NHM: acronym of The Natural History Museum in London Outside Organization’s Incentive for Continuing Partnership means how enterprises and educational institutions are motivated and encouraged to partner with NHM for collaboration and support in its sustainable development Partnering with Outside Organizations means that NHM conducts collaboration or business with enterprises and organizations to support the sustainable development of the museum Producing More Publications means publications from researchers on their own research Quality Production: partnership with other organizations provides financial and human resources to support the production of events. Some also developed into long term partnership to support the museum’s development on education for sustainability. Realization of the Effectiveness of Museum-based Education on Sustainability means how museums are widely recognized as an effective tool in education Receiving Credits from Wider Public Audience means credits such as awards or nominations the museum or its production receives from organizations or events that aim at recognizing effort of the producer and quality of the work Reinforcement from Schools means the visit to the museum is supported by school in their curriculum Reinforcing Sustainability Education means how the museum serving as a learning tool will be able to create advocates to see the urge of sustainability development. Human being is facing a planetary emergency and humanity’s future depends on the sustainability of all lives in the world, which requires human being to take effective action to combat their destructive impact on the planet’s survival systems. (The Natural History Museum, 2020) Research Development Encouragement means research with/on the museum’s collections is encouraged School Visits means group visits organized by the school for museum-based learning purposes Size of Supporter means the size of supporters stemmed from audience that the museum has engaged Smooth Running of Museum means the museum has enough resources to carry out activities that achieve educational significance and sustainable development UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage Group 10 - BENV0126 2 Spectrum of Audience means the variety of audience which have different age groups, purposes of visit, knowledge backgrounds, sociocultural backgrounds Supervision by Board of Trustees: The Board of Trustees is for overseeing the management, while complying with the relevant laws and regulations Touring Exhibition means that the museum organizes external exhibitions with its collections Volunteers Training means training provided by NHM to equip volunteers with skills and knowledge to carry out their work Wider Audience Engagement means attract people of all ages, interests and backgrounds to visit the museum UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage Group 10 - BENV0126 3 2 Causal Loop Diagram How does The Natural History Museum (NHM) FuncƟon as a Sustainable Learning Tool? UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage Group 10 - BENV0126 4 3 Data Support of the Diagram Loop No. Supplementary Information R0 Research and development projects such as ‘My Body: My Planet’ which ‘use cultural genres to engage young people with the topic of climate and health, with a long-term goal of driving meaningful behaviour change’, are examples of the museum’s collaboration with outside organizations. These projects are to be evaluated by the Board of Trustees over time on its effectiveness. (The Natural History Museum, 2022) The NHM is supervised by DCMS on its operation with the reception of Government grant. For instance, the planning of NHM is bounded by the terms for receiving the Grant-in-Aid. (The Natural History Museum, 2022) Logan R. and Sutter G.C. (2012) mentioned in their article that scholars such as Janes R.R., Worts D. and Link T. believed that museums play an important role in education for sustainability. They urged museums to undergo transformation and take up a more active role in engaging the public to learn about the idea and need of sustainability. R2 Schools are places where museums can offer volunteering opportunities to young people to introduce them into the sector (Deakin, 2022) 50% of the partnership takes place between schools and museums for delivering museum-based education. Museums such as NHM also support teachers’ professional development on curriculum design and teacher training. (Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport, 2021) R3 NHM received £182m from the Government for the Science and Digitisation Centre in March 2020. (The Natural History Museum, 2022) R4 NHM partnered with the BBC and Warner Bros. for the production of ‘Fantastic Beasts: The Wonder of Nature’. The exhibition was seen by 135,000 visitors; The museum’s ‘Wildlife Photographer of the Year’, sponsored by Ørsted, was seen by over 87,000 visitors (and counting); last but not least, the museum’s critically acclaimed display, ‘Our Broken Planet: How We Got Here and Ways to Fix’ has been seen by more than 600,000 visitors. (The Natural History Museum, 2022) ‘Fantastic BeastsTM: The Wonder of Nature’ was shortlisted for the 2022 Museum & Heritage Awards for Partnership of the Year. The museum’s another free display, ‘Our Broken Planet: How We Got Here and Ways to Fix’ was shortlisted for the 2022 Museum & Heritage Awards for Temporary or Touring Exhibition of the Year. (The Natural History Museum, 2022) R6 & R7 It is part of NHM’s plan in collaboration with Urban Nature Project to transform its garden to bring research work into practice, allowing visitors to learn about biodiversity and be encouraged to learn about actions that they can take to help nature. (Davis, 2022) R9 One of the surveys in the report suggested that developing museum network, profile and audience were the main benefits for touring exhibition. Respondents of this survey involved professionals in touring exhibition and the public. (Dew, 2016) This loop presents the relationship between touring, audience engagement and improvement of NHM’s profile. For instance, In 2021 at COP26 in Glasgow, NHM’s participation successfully engaged a wider audience from on-the-site activities to online news update from the official channels. According to figures, its online media publication ‘achieved more than 78,500 views on Instagram, 22,400 views on Facebook and 39,300 views on Twitter’. (The Natural History Museum, 2022) R12 NHM profited from loaning its collection to national museums, universities and research organizations. (Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport, 2021) UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage Group 10 - BENV0126 5 R13 Donations from the public, exchange between museums, purchase of collections, staff collecting from collaborative fieldwork opportunities, etc., contribute to the expansion of NHM’s collection. (The Natural History Museum, 2022) R14 The NHM and the Kickstart scheme provide internship opportunities to young people for inspiring them on working in the museum. (The Natural History Museum, 2022) R16 (the same information as R9) R17 Smithson et al. (2018) discussed the role of volunteers in a museum with a few case studies. While the authors were uncertain about whether volunteers can replace regular staff, they highlighted the potential of developing volunteers into a staple in the museum with training and supervision, which help with the smooth operation of the museum. R18 According to the collaboration between NHM and economic consultants Frontier Economics, ‘digitisation has the potential to see a tenfold return on investment, creating benefits worth more than £2 billion over 30 years.’ (The Natural History Museum, 2022) R19 NHM loaned in collections to support its own research development. (Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport, 2021) B2 The NHM received a total of £1244k of grants from ‘competitive funding’ for research development, support on the use of technologies and its role in providing scientific infrastructure for research development worldwide. (The Natural History Museum, 2022) UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage Group 10 - BENV0126 6 4 Contribution Table Member Contributions XNSY1 Research Question Formulation, Site Visit and Data Collection, Research Question Refinement, Draft Causal Loop Diagram Construction, Final Causal Loop Diagram Construction, Vensim Diagram Construction, Reference Support, Project Coordination and Communication, LaTeX Compilation Study WPWR3 Research Question Formulation, Site Visit and Data Collection, Research Question Refinement, Draft Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Final Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Definition of Terms, Project Coordination and Communication BPGK7 Research Question Formulation, Site Visit and Data Collection, Draft Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Final Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Vensim Diagram Construction, Data Support, Reference Support, Project Coordination and Communication BWCB3 Research Question Formulation, Site Visit and Data Collection, Draft Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Final Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Definition of Terms ZVBF7 Research Question Formulation, Draft Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Final Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Vensim Diagram Construction, Project Coordination and Communication, LaTeX Compilation Study (Absent with apologies in Site Visit and Data Collection because of COVID infection.) ZPWZ2 Research Question Formulation, Site Visit and Data Collection, Research Question Refinement, Draft Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Final Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Data Support, Project Coordination and Communication XVYJ2 Research Question Formulation, Site Visit and Data Collection, Research Question Refinement, Draft Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Final Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Vensim Diagram Construction, Project Coordination and Communication BTTZ5 Draft Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Final Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Data Support, Project Coordination and Communication (Absent with apologies in Research Question Formulation, Site Visit and Data Collection because of COVID infection.) XBWQ7 Draft Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Final Causal Loop Diagram Formulation, Data Support, Project Coordination and Communication (Absent with apologies in Research Question Formulation, Site Visit and Data Collection because of COVID infection.) Task(s) highlighted in bold indicates that the member is the major contributor(s) in the task(s). Reference Davis, J. (2022, September 8). Work begins on the Museum’s landmark garden redevelopment. The Natural History Museum. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2022/september/work- begins-on-the-museum-s-landmark-garden-redevelopment.html Deakin, T. (2022, May 25). The growing value of digital volunteers for museums. MuseumNext. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://www.museumnext.com/article/the-growing-value-of-digital-volunteers-for- museums/ Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport. (2021, July 15). Museum Partnership Report: Sharing Collections 2019/20. In Corporate Report. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1002386/ 2019_20_Sharing_Collections_v2.pdf Dew, C. (2016, April). Economics of Touring Exhibitions Survey Report : An Analysis of Touring Exhibitions Practice in the UK. In Research & Resources. Touring Exhibitions Group (TEG). Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://touringexhibitionsgroup.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/TEG-Economics-of- Touring-Exhibitions-Survey-Report-An-Analysis-of-Touring-Exhibitions-Practice-in-the-UK_April-16.pdf Logan, R., & Sutter, G. C. (2012). Sustainability and museum education: What future are we educating for? International Journal of the Inclusive Museum, 4(3), 11–26. Smithson, C., Rowley, J., & Fullwood, R. (2018, August 20). Promoting volunteer engagement in the heritage sector. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 8(3), 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-06-2017-0042 The Natural History Museum. (2020, January 20). Natural History Museum declares ‘Planetary Emergency’ and reveals bold new Vision and Strategy to 2031 in response [Press release]. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/press- office/press-releases/natural-history-museum-declares--planetary-emergency--and- reveal.html#:~:text=The%20Natural%20History%20Museum%20is,a%20result%20of%20humanity's%20i mpact. The Natural History Museum. (2022, July 19). Natural History Museum Annual Report and Accounts 2021-2022. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://www.nhm.ac.uk/about-us/reports-accounts.html The Natural History Museum. (n.d.). Our vision and strategy. Natural History Museum. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://touringexhibitionsgroup.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/TEG-Economics-of-Touring- Exhibitions-Survey-Report-An-Analysis-of-Touring-Exhibitions-Practice-in-the-UK_April-16.pdf UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage Group 10 - BENV0126 8
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