EOSC 310 99A 2020W Quizzes Midterm Exam - 2! Midterm Exam - 2 Due Nov 17 at 3:59pm Points 36 Ques!ons 36 Available Nov 12 at 4pm - Nov 17 at 3:59pm 5 days Time Limit 40 Minutes Instruc!ons This quiz was locked Nov 17 at 3:59pm. A!empt History A"empt Time Score LATEST A!empt 1 17 minutes 36 out of 36 Score for this quiz: 36 out of 36 Submi!ed Nov 16 at 2:01pm This a!empt took 17 minutes. This is a formal graded Midterm Exam that consists of 36 mul"ple choice and true/false ques"ons. It runs for 40 minutes. It must be taken in one si#ng. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAM UNTIL YOU ARE READY TO TAKE IT, AS IT WILL AUTOMATICALLY SUBMIT AFTER 40 MINUTES AND YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO RETAKE IT AGAIN. If you lose your internet connec"on or your computer shuts down during the exam, log back in as quickly as you can and keep going. Your exam will not be reset for these sorts of reasons. This Exam is 'open book'. You may look at the course materials while you take the exam. That said, keep an eye on the "me. If you try to look up too many things, you will run out! Good luck! 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 1 Which objects in the solar system are at a "lt with the plane of the eclip"c? The Kuiper Belt Correct! The Asteroid Belt Neptune The Trojans 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 2 earth-impact-sites.jpg The red circles in the diagram below show the loca"on of meteor impacts presently on Earth. There is a clear dichotomy between the number of impacts on the con"nents and the number of impacts on the ocean floor. What could be an explana"on for why most impacts occur on the con"nents of Earth and very few impacts are found on the ocean floor? Plate tectonics predict equal numbers of craters between con"nents and the ocean The ocean floor is older than the con"nents The ocean floor is younger than the con"nents Correct! The giant impact that formed the moon created the ocean floor 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 3 What is the fission hypothesis? Moon formed from material that spun off a rapidly rota"ng Earth Correct! The forma"on of heavy elements in the solar nebula The forma"on of H and He in the big bang Earth and the Moon formed at the same "me in the solar nebula 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 4 How do we know that the Earth was being bombarded by meteors during the late heavy bombardment? We have rock samples from early Earth that suggest this The Moon records evidence of the late heavy bombardment Correct! Rock samples from Mars' meteorites Con"nents formed by the late heave bombardment 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 5 Chapter9ExamQues"on.png Oxygen has two important isotopes ( O and O), Oxygen O is heavier than O, and is harder to evaporate compared to O. Given this knowledge would you expect the ra"o of O O to be larger in the ocean or the glacier? 18 16 18 16 16 18 /16 O / O is lower in the ocean18 16 O / O is lower in the glacier Correct! 18 16 O / O is the same in the glacier and the ocean18 16 O / O is higher in the glacier18 16 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 6 Plate tectonics stabilizes Earth’s climate, because . arc volcanoes remove CO from the atmosphere2 it regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere Correct! it blocks cosmic radia"on from the sun it enhances chemical weathering of con"nental rocks, which adds CO into the atmosphere 2 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 7 The faint young sun paradox would suggest that Earth’s early atmosphere at 4.0 Ga was below freezing temperature and water would be in the form of ice. Did this happen on Earth? Yes, Earth was in a snowball Earth phase at 4.0 Ga No, the faint young sun paradox predicts a ho!er Earth than today No, greenhouse gases kept Earth’s climate above freezing at 4.0 Ga Correct! No, the impact that created the moon kept Earth warm during the faint young sun 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 8 What does the theory of con"nental dri% state? Earth is broken into plates that move due to mantle convec"on. Con"nents move over "me. Correct! Con"nents are sta"onary. Plates subduct under each other. 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 9 What major geologic features in the oceans did the Challenger expedi"on find evidence for? Giant craters Mid-ocean ridges Correct! The gulf stream The oldest oceanic crust 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 10 earthquakes-along-boundaries.jpg Shown is a detailed map of global seismicity. Coloured dots show the loca"on and depth of the earthquakes’ hypocenters. Where are most earthquakes occurring? Within the middle of con"nents At plate boundaries Correct! At subduc"on zones only At mid-ocean ridges only 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 11 A mid-ocean ridge is what type of boundary? Convergent Divergent Correct! Transform Sta"onary 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 12 Under applied stress, elas"c behavior describes when rock deforma"on . is reversable Correct! results in fracturing is irreversible results in folding 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 13 Why are con"nents topographically high compared to the ocean floor? Con"nental crust is less dense than oceanic crust Correct! Mantle convec"on upli%s mountains The mantle is rigid and does not flow to applied loads All of the above 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 14 What inhibits mantle convec"on? Mantle rock is too viscous to move Correct! Mantle rock is not viscous enough to move Hea"ng from the core mantle boundary Plate tectonics 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 15 At the very hot rock rises to the surface called mantle plume. moho bo!om of the asthenosphere base of the crust core-mantle boundary Correct! 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 16 A spreading ocean ridge is marked by a at its spreading axis with tapering ridges on either side slow, basin Correct! slow, central peak fast, basin fast, plateau 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 17 Hydrothermal vents occur because of what process? Water that is heated by moving through hot rocks Correct! Erup"on of magma underwater Freezing of water at Earth’s surface High pressure and temperature con"nental collisions 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 18 acts to the mel"ng point of a magma. Water, lower Correct! Water, raise An increase in pressure, lower Sediment, lower 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 19 Ch12_2.png Fill in the blanks to complete Earth’s Carbon Cycle controlled by plate tectonics. Chemical weathering extracts CO2 from atmosphere and produces carbonate rocks Correct! Chemical weathering increases CO2 output into the atmosphere and produces carbonate rocks Subduc"on zones put water into the mantle to increase vigor of mantle convec"on Carbonate rocks form on top of mountains 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 20 What are the 6 most abundant elements that make up organic life? carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorous Correct! carbon, hydrogen, magnesium, silica, aluminium and sulfur carbon, iron, magnesium, silica, aluminium and sulfur carbon, iron, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorous 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 21 Which environment is thought to promote the early forma"on of organic molecules? An oxygen rich atmosphere The sun Hydrothermal vents Correct! All of the above 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 22 True or false: Stromatolite are fossilized algae which are found to be as old as 4.0 Ga True False Correct! 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 23 Which class of molecules important for star"ng life was created abio"cally in the Urey-Miller experiment? DNA Proteins Amino acids Correct! Membrane walls 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 24 What is the scien"fic discipline concerned with naming organisms called? Taxonomy Correct! Genealogy Animalia terminology The tree of life 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 25 In searching for when life started in the rock record what isotope ra"o would be a biosignature? Low C /C12 13 High C /C Correct! 12 13 Low O /C17 18 High O /C17 18 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 26 Over geological "mescales, the rate of ex"nc"ons occurs , while the rate at which new species are created . abruptly, is gradual Correct! gradually, has been accelera"ng abruptly, has decreased gradually, has decreased 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 27 Seafloor spreading at ocean ridges was confirmed using to measure symmetric varia"ons in the of rock layers as you move outwards from the mid-ocean ridge. Seismic profiles, seismic velocity Gravity profiles, density Magne"c profiles, paleomagne"c signature Correct! Bathymetric profiles, slope 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 28 The end of Snowball Earth is thought to have been triggered by which of the following processes? Correct! Submission Details: Time: 17 minutes Current Score: 36 out of 36 Kept Score: 36 out of 36 2 2020WA Home Announcements Syllabus Modules Assignments Quizzes Discussions Grades Contact DE Helpdesk 2 With very low erosion and carbonate precipita"on rates, CO levels in the atmosphere gradually increased un"l greenhouse warming offset the effects of 100% albedo and increased surface temperatures enough to begin mel"ng ice. Correct! 2 A significant increase in volcanic ac"vity caused CO levels in the atmosphere to increase un"l greenhouse warming offset the effects of 100% albedo and increased surface temperatures enough to begin mel"ng ice. 2 Normal orbital varia"ons brought Earth into an interglacial period in which the increase in incoming solar radia"on offset the effects of 100% albedo and increased surface temperatures enough to begin mel"ng ice. A large asteroid impact created enough heat to melt/vaporize a substan"al por"on of the ice. This decreased planetary albedo and increased greenhouse warning enough to increase surface temperatures enough to mel"ng much of the remaining ice. 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 29 Earth’s atmosphere and oceans have a complex history and have changed more drama"cally over the course of Earth’s history than any of the other Earth layers. Which of the following processes may have contributed to these changes? The impact of vola"le rich planetary bodies such as comets. The stripping away of vola"les by the solar wind. Changes in the types or abundance of rocks that are available for mel"ng and degassing. All of the above Correct! 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 30 With of the following scenarios would increase planetary temperature? Increase albedo and increase greenhouse gas concentra"on Decrease albedo and increase greenhouse gas concentra"on Correct! Increase albedo and decrease greenhouse gas concentra"on Decrease albedo and decrease greenhouse gas concentra"on 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 31 Increases in which of the following parameters impede convec"ve flow? i. viscosity ii. thermal conduc"vity iii. coefficient of thermal expansion iv. the distance between the regions of contras"ng temperature i and ii Correct! i, ii, and iii i, iii, and iv None of the above 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 32 Why do Jupiter’s moons Io and Europa have rela"vely smooth surfaces while our own moon is highly cratered? Both have thick atmospheres and clouds which make it difficult to image the rocky surface. Like Jupiter, Io and Europa are mostly gas and ice so there is no solid surface to crater. Both have young, ac"vely changing surfaces. Correct! Io and Europa have been bombarded by fewer asteroids. 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 33 If the oceanic crust is the same thickness in two regions the , , and denser crust will sit deeper into the mantle, seafloor depth. older; colder; decreasing older; colder; increasing Correct! younger; warmer; decreasing younger; warmer; increasing 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 34 Ocean ridges mark plate boundaries where upwelling material from the mantle con"nuously adds material to the plate. Subduc"on zones mark plate boundaries where con"nental crust and oceanic crust collide. The denser, crust is subducted down into the mantle and recycled. convergent; divergent; oceanic convergent; divergent; con"nental divergent; convergent; oceanic Correct! divergent; convergent; con"nental 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 35 What determines the shape of ocean ridge volcanoes? The ocean temperature Surrounding ocean islands The spreading rate Correct! Intraplate volcanism 1 / 1 ptsQues!on 36 Despite its shortcomings the theory of con"nental dri% did help to explain which of the following geological problems? i. The forma"on of intercon"nental mountain ranges due to con"nent-con"nent collision. ii. The presence of glacial deposits in equatorial regions such as Africa and South America. iii. The forma"on of ocean trenches and mid-ocean ridges due to the con"nents plowing through the oceanic crust. iv. The discovery of tropical plant and animal fossils found in far north la"tudes. i, ii, and iii ii, iii, and iv i, ii, and iv Correct! i, ii, iii, and iv Quiz Score: 36 out of 36
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