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ENGR30003: Numerical Programming for Engineers
Assignment 1
August 25, 2019
Marks: This assignment is worth 25% of the overall assessment for this course.
Due Date : Friday, 13 September 2019, 5:00pm, via submit on dimefox. You will lose
penalty marks at the rate of 10% per day or part day late, and the assignment will not
be marked if it is more than 5 days late.
Learning Outcomes
This project requires you to demonstrate your understanding of dynamic memory, linked
lists and basic numerical computation. The key objective of this assignment is to solve a
set of tasks which involve processing of flow around a flat plate.
Flow Around a Flat Plate
In the field of Fluid Mechanics, flow around a flat plate perpendicular to the flow direction
is still an active area of research. With advent of high performance computing and
supercomputers, it has now become possible to look at this simple case with a greater
deal of accuracy. The problem consists of a flat plate that is perpendicular to the main
flow direction as shown in Figure 1 (left). The blue arrows indicate the direction of the
flow while the shaded object is the flat plate. This generates a wake behind the flat plate
and exerts a pressure force on the plate, similar to the force you feel when you hold your
hand out in a moving car. At a given instant the flow behind the flat plate is extremely
complex and a snapshot of the flow domain is shown in Figure 1 (right).
Working with the Data
For this assignment, you will process the wake data from a flat plate case. The data has
been provided to you in a CSV format file (flow data.csv) with the following form:
rho ,u,v,x,y
0.951,1.05,0,-15,-20
0.951 ,1.05 ,0.00155 , -14.6 , -20
0.951 ,1.05 ,0.00273 , -14.2 , -20
0.95 ,1.05 ,0.00366 , -13.8 , -20
0.95 ,1.05 ,0.00434 , -13.4 , -20
0.95 ,1.05 ,0.00467 , -13.1 , -20
0.95 ,1.05 ,0.00462 , -12.7 , -20
Each line corresponds to a point in the flow domain with coordinates (x,y). The density
rho and velocities at that given point in x and y are given by u and v respectively.
1
yx
Figure 1: (left) Schematic of problem domain (right) Instantaneous flow field behind a
flat plate superposed on the grid
Positive value of u indicates velocity direction is along the x direction while negative u
indicates velocity direction is along -x. Similarly for the v velocity sign.
Processing Tasks
This assignment consists of four processing tasks which will be assessed independently.
For each task you are to measure the run time it takes to complete the described task
using your program (see program output below). Each of the four tasks must not
require more than 60 seconds to run on dimefox using valgrind. This means, in
order to complete the task within this time limit, you may need to focus on the efficiency
of your solution for each problem. Overall you have to write a single program, performing
each of the four tasks sequentially. For each task you have to write your results to a file
on the disk. Details on using valgrind is available in the “Implementation” section of
this assignment.
Task 1: Maximum Flux Difference [2/25 Marks]
It is sometimes helpful to understand what’s the range of velocities in the flow. For
the first task, you must compute the maximum flux difference, i.e., rho*u and rho*v
after coordinate x = 20. Specifically, you must output first the two points in the domain
where the magnitude of the rho*u flux difference is maximum followed by the two points
in the grid where the magnitude of the rho*v flux difference is maximum. For each set of
points, the point with the maximum of the given flux must be first followed by the point
with the minimum flux. The output should be to the file called task1.csv and should
be formatted as below. There must be no blank spaces between the values and around
the commas. Each value must be written to 6 decimal places.
It is imperative that you write it out the way described above and shown
below otherwise comparing your output to the solution would result in an
error and you would lose marks.
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rho ,u,v,x,y
1.2438621 ,1.007986 , -0.001002 ,40.512346 , -19.595387
1.0148121 ,0.850117 ,0.0005807 ,66.899192 , -0.729056
1.1438621 ,0.852483 ,0.0004275 ,69.552467 , -0.729056
1.1386456 ,0.838355 , -0.0006330 ,60.961891 ,0.442134
The above is an example of what the file should look like and is not the actual solution.
Also note that the data provided in flow data.csv is not in any chronological order and
you must efficiently look only at points where the value of x is greater than 20. You can
use file io.c to understand how to output data to a file.
Task 2: Mean Velocities on a Coarser Grid [5/25 Marks]
Each line in the file flow data.csv is a point location in the domain. These points
when joined together will create a mesh (also called a grid). For this task, you will map
these points onto a coarser grid, computing the new average coordinates (x,y) and the
corresponding mean density rho and velocities (u,v). The flow domain can be thought as
divided into a two-dimensional grid such that each cell of the grid would contain multiple
points, the number of which would depend on the cell upper and lower dimensions and
the coordinates of the points. You would compute the average coordinates, density and
velocities for each cell using the formula below for all points k within a given cell (this is
for the x coordinate; same formula to be used for y, u, v, rho):
xav =
Σk−1i=0 xi
k
While computing the averages, you must ignore any data points that lie on the coarse cell
boundaries, i.e., only consider contribution of points that are wholly contained within the
given cell. The resulting averaged values of the given cell can be obtained from a score
S, computed by
S = 100

u2av + v
2
av√
x2av + y
2
av
Finally, you must output the results of the averaged values and the score to task2.csv
in descending order based on the score for each cell. An example of what the output
should look like is shown below. There must be no blank spaces between the values and
around the commas. Any float value must be written to 6 decimal places as shown:
rho ,u,v,x,y,S
1.191265 ,0.831445 ,0.019688 ,69.842187 ,5.861905 ,1.186624
1.236148 ,0.874429 , -0.001291 ,79.552381 ,9.923571 ,1.090734
1.234881 ,0.868093 , -0.003071 ,79.552381 ,5.861905 ,1.088278
1.236199 ,0.861106 , -0.001160 ,79.552381 , -9.886786 ,1.074177
1.236118 ,0.864510 ,0.000087 ,79.552381 ,14.017391 ,1.070231
The size of the grid (number of cells in each direction) must be an input parameter,
allowing the code to run different grid sizes. Your implementation would be checked for
the grid resolution of 10 i.e. 10 cells in x and 10 cells in y. The domain extent for this
coarse grid in x and y is -15 to 85 units and -20 to 20 units respectively. An example of
the coarse grid is shown in Figure 2 (left). The 10 cells in x direction would span from
-15 to 85 units while the 10 cells in y direction would span -20 to 20 units. Also shown is
an example of a cell within this grid. As can be seen, the cell is of width ∆x and height
∆y and the black dots show the points in the original grid. Once you do the averaging
for all these points, you will end up with one average point (shown in red).
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-15
85
∆x
∆y
Figure 2: (left) Example of coarse grid with minimum and maximum extent shown by
the coordinates (right) Example of a given cell where the black dots show the original
points and the star shows the location of the averaged point
Task 3: Searching in Data Structures [8/25 Marks]
For this task, you will implement three data structures: an array, a linked list and a
perfectly balanced binary search tree. The data contained in these data structures will be
the same, with the aim to perform a search operation and output the time taken to search
for each case. The data required for this task is a subset of the data in flow data.csv.
First, you must pull out the data points at the domain centreline, i.e. points where y =
0.0. You should store these points in an array. Next, you must sort the data points in
ascending order of the streamwise flux rho*u. Then, you must insert the sorted values
into a linked list and in a perfectly balanced BST. Finally, you must search for the data
point in all the data structures whose rho*u value is closest to 40% of the maximum rho*u
flux. You must first find out the exact value which is closest to the 40% of maximum
rho*u in the array and then search for this exact value in the remaining data structures.
The following outputs are required in the file task3.csv:
1. Linear search on the array to find the value. You must output all rho*u values
upto and including the value that is being searched for.
2. Binary search on the array to find the value. You must output all rho*u values
upto and including the value that is being searched for.
3. Linear search on the Linked List to find the value. You must output all rho*u
values upto and including the value that is being searched for.
4. Search on the balanced BST for the value. You must output all rho*u values upto
and including the value that is being searched for.
A sample output for the task3.csv file is shown below, where each line (total of 4 lines)
corresponds to the cases in the order shown above:
3.614885 ,3.564577 ,3.562721 ,3.544763 ,3.542255 ,3.489632 ,3.488729
4
3.614885 ,3.564577 ,3.544763 ,3.542255 ,3.488729
3.614885 ,3.564577 ,3.562721 ,3.544763 ,3.542255 ,3.489632 ,3.488729
3.614885 ,3.564577 ,3.544763 ,3.542255 ,3.488729
The values above do not correspond to any data values but are provided only as a ref-
erence. The search time for all four cases must be written to standard output, in the
format described in the Program output section. Here, perfectly balanced refers to nearly
perfectly balanced i.e. there may be uneven leaf nodes but the length of these nodes must
not be greater than other nodes by more than 1 depth. The search algorithm in all cases
must terminate when the exact value is identified and the last value written out must be
this value.
Task 4: Computing the vorticity [5/25 Marks]
One of the quantities of interest for engineers to study is vorticity, which represents the
rotation of the velocities about an axis. The vorticity for the given data can be defined
as follows:
ω =
(∂v
∂x
− ∂u
∂y
)
(1)
To compute the vorticity, there are several steps you have to follow. Since each line of
the total n ∗m lines of the data in flow data.csv represents a point in the domain, you
would first have to arrange these datapoints into a grid representation such that accessing
any point in the domain is done through two indices, similar to a 2D array representation.
It is important that the arrangement of the datapoints is consistent with the domain.
So, if as an example, the u datapoints were put into a 2D array U of shape n×m, then,
increasing i in U[i][j] for a given j represents increasing x values and increasing j in
U[i][j] for a given i represents increasing y values. Once, this is done, you can then
compute the vorticity using the following formula:
ω[i][j] =
(
V [i+ 1][j]− V [i][j]
X[i+ 1][j]−X[i][j] −
U [i][j + 1]− U [i][j]
Y [i][j + 1]− Y [i][j]
)
(2)
Here, ω, U, V, X and Y are defined as 2D arrays containing values of ω, u, v, x and y in
the 2D domain. The indices in the above formula for i go from 0 : n − 2 and for j go
from 0 : m− 2. For datapoints with indices n− 1 or m− 1, the value of vorticity will be
given by:
ω[n− 1][j] =
(
V [n− 1][j]− V [n− 2][j]
X[n− 1][j]−X[n− 2][j] −
U [n− 1][j + 1]− U [n− 1][j]
Y [n− 1][j + 1]− Y [n− 1][j]
)
ω[i][m− 1] =
(
V [i+ 1][m− 1]− V [i][m− 1]
X[i+ 1][m− 1]−X[i][m− 1] −
U [i][m− 1]− U [i][m− 2]
Y [i][m− 1]− Y [i][m− 2]
)
ω[n− 1][m− 1] =
(
V [n− 1][m− 1]− V [n− 2][m− 1]
X[n− 1][m− 1]−X[n− 2][m− 1] −
U [n− 1][m− 1]− U [n− 1][m− 2]
Y [n− 1][m− 1]− Y [n− 1][m− 2]
)
Once you’ve obtained the values of ω, you must report the number of datapoints that
have the absolute ω values within a certain threshold. Thus, you must report the number
of datapoints in the following format to the file task4.csv:
5
threshold ,points
5 ,10000
10 ,20000
15 ,50000
20 ,5000
25 ,2500
The number of points shown are only for reference and do not refer to the solution. The
thresholds here mean 10,000 points have absolute ω between 0 and 5, 20,000 points have
ω between 5 and 10 and so on. You may assume the data in flow data.csv is sorted in
ascending order in y followed by ascending order in x.
Implementation [5/25]
The implementation of your solution is extremely important and your implementation
should be based on the provided skeleton code. A total of [3/25] marks are allocated to
the quality of your code:
• Program compiles without warning using gcc -Wall -std=c99 on dimefox
• Exception handling (check return values of functions such as malloc or fscanf )
• No magic numbers i.e. hard coded numbers in your code (use #define instead)
• Comments and authorship for each file you submit are important (top of the file)
• General code quality (use code formatters, check for memory leaks)
• No global variables
There is a coding etiquette we are enforcing for this assignment, which is concerned with
the comments in the code. Every code snippet must be provided with sufficient comments,
i.e., what does the following block of code do. This is imperative in case your output is
incorrect; as it makes it easier for the grader to assess if your implementation was correct.
The quality of comments are allocated a total of [2/25] marks. The following sections
describe the required command line options and program output of your program.
Command-Line Options
When running on dimefox your program should support the following command-line
options:
terminal: gcc -Wall -std=c99 *.c -o flow -lm
for the compilation and
terminal: valgrind ./flow flow data.csv 10
for the execution, where flow data.csv is containing the flow related data and 10 is the
grid resolution.
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Program Output
When running on dimefox the program should only output the following information to
stdout in addition to the csv files for each task:
terminal: valgrind ./flow flow data.csv 10
TASK 1: 200.63 milliseconds
TASK 2: 14063.82 milliseconds
TASK 3 Array Linear Search: 30.4 microseconds
TASK 3 Array Binary Search: 40.5 microseconds
TASK 3 List Linear Search: 100.21 microseconds
TASK 3 BST Search: 50.1 microseconds
TASK 3: 209.46 milliseconds
TASK 4: 221.16 milliseconds
Note the units of time in the output for the tasks. For each task, output the time, in
relevant units, taken to perform all computation associated with each task. This can be
achieved by adopting the gettimeofday.c code available in the resource for Week 2. Af-
ter the program is executed, the files task1.csv , task2.csv, task3.csv and task4.csv
containing the results for the different tasks should be located in the current directory.
A total of [1/15] marks is allocated for correct implementation of the out-
put format in terms of console output and output written to the result file
generated by each task.
Provided Code
The following files are provided to you for this assignment:
• main.c, where the parsing of data from command line is to be done and timing for
each task implemented.
• tasks.c, where you would implement four functions maxfluxdiff(), coarsegrid(),
searching() and vortcalc(), for each task.
• tasks.h, which need not be changed and acts as a header file to link the C file to
the main file.
You are free to use guide programs provided during the lectures on the LMS and adapt
them for your use. This could be any of the files like file io.c, linkedlist.c, bst.c
and more. You may also use the header files if needed. Remember to fill in your details
in each file you write, such as the student name and student number.
Points to consider
• Only use type int and double for integers and floating point numbers respectively.
When writing out a float to output make sure the format restricted to a 6 decimal
place number. Writing to file needs to be done according to the format given in the
assignment to be marked correct by the system. If there are multiple numbers on
a line separated by a comma, leave no space in between.
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• Each task is independent of the other so you can work on each task individually
and test it out. Make sure you adhere to the formatting and output file headers as
shown in the Assignment.
• Read the data into an appropriate data structure for each task. You may choose to
read it in once and reuse this structure for all tasks but the task functions might
need to be modified.
• Write the header for each file as described in the assignment. Your solution would
be marked wrong by the system even if you have the right solution if you get your
headers wrong.
• Your code should not contain any magic numbers. Examples include but are not
limited to using malloc(1000 * sizeof(int)) or for (i = 0 ; i < 20; i++).
Use #define at the top of the file to define 1000 and 20.
• Remember to free your data structure and any other structure you allocate dynam-
ically. Statically allocated structures are not allowed.
Submission
You need to submit your program for assessment. Submissions will not be done via the
LMS; instead you will need to log in to the server dimefox and submit your files using
the command submit . You can (and should) use submit both early and often to
get used to the way it works, and also to check that your program compiles correctly on
our test system, which has some different characteristics to the lab machines. Only the
last submission will be marked. The submission server may be very slow towards the
deadline as many students are submitting. Therefore, please do not wait until the last
few minutes to make the first attempt of submission. If you make a submission attempt
a few minutes before the deadline but the submission was completed after the deadline,
your submission will be treated as a submission AFTER the deadline.
All submissions must be made through the submit program. Assignments submitted
through any other method will not be marked. Transfer your code files to the home drive
on dimefox. Check the transfer was successful by logging into dimefox and using the ls
command on the terminal. Perform the following set of commands on the terminal from
your home location on dimefox (making the right folders and transfering the files in the
right location):
mkdir ENGR30003
cd ENGR30003
mkdir A1
cd A1
cp ../../*.c .
cp ../../*.h .
cp ../../flow data.csv .
Here you’re making the A1 folder within the ENGR30003 folder and then moving to the A1
folder. From this folder, you move the files transferred from the home to the A1 folder.
Remember to check the A1 folder contains only the .c or .h files (if you use multiple c
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files and h files) you need for the assignment and the CSV data file. Then try compiling
your code and executing it to see if it works without errors. Once you’re satisfied with
your files, you can submit the files (only the c and h files, not the csv) via the submit
system on dimefox as follows:
submit ENGR30003 A1 *.c *.h
Wait for a few minutes and then carry out the verify and check steps:
verify ENGR30003 A1 > feedback.txt
nano feedback.txt
Look through this feedback text file to check (a) your program compiled (b) it exe-
cuted without error. Please read man -s1 submit on dimefox for confirmation about
how to use submit, especially how to verify your submission. No special consideration
will be given to any student who has not used submit properly.
You must also check that you have no memory leaks in your code as loss of memory
from your implementation will result in deductions. Your submissions will be assessed
via valgrind on submit. To use valgrind to check your implementation, you must
execute the compiled file using:
valgrind ./flow flow data.csv 10
Since valgrind is a memory error detector, it will be used to assess your submissions for
potential memory misuse. A well-implemented code will have the following output:
==3887== HEAP SUMMARY:
==3887== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==3887== total heap usage: 53 allocs, 53 frees, 56,921,168 bytes allocated
==3887== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
It must be pointed out we are not using a small data file so valgrind will take longer
time to run compared with the normal execution. Plan your submission accordingly.
Incase your submission fails to pass the memory check, you will lose marks. There are
two potential areas where you can lose marks: runtime error messages and heap/leak
summary. Examples of runtime error messages include:
1. Use of uninitialised value of size X: Happens when you use a variable that
has not been defined or does not exist anymore or initialised.
2. Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s): Happens when
using an uninitialised variable to perform operations
3. Invalid read/write of size X: Happens when trying to scan or write to file a
variable to memory which you do not have access to.
4. Process terminating with default action on signal 11: Happens when the
error is so severe, your code is terminated automatically.
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Examples of heap/leak summary errors are:
1. total heap usage: 2,686 allocs, 29 frees, 152,138,664 bytes allocated
2. ==6504== LEAK SUMMARY:
==6504== definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==6504== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==6504== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==6504== still reachable: 16,912,796 bytes in 2,657 blocks
==6504== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
You may discuss your work during your workshop, and with others in the class, but
what gets typed into your program must be individual work, not copied from anyone
else. So, do not give hard copy or soft copy of your work to anyone; do not “lend”
your “Uni backup” memory stick to others for any reason at all; and do not ask others
to give you their programs “just so that I can take a look and get some ideas, I won’t
copy, honest”. The best way to help your friends in this regard is to say a very firm
“no” when they ask for a copy of, or to see, your program, pointing out that your
“no”, and their acceptance of that decision, is the only thing that will preserve your
friendship. A sophisticated program that undertakes deep structural analysis of C code
identifying regions of similarity will be run over all submissions in “compare every pair”
mode. Students whose programs are so identified will be referred to the Student Center.
See https://academichonesty.unimelb.edu.au for more information.
Getting Help
There are several ways for you to seek help with this assignment. First, go through
the Assignment 1 Important Notes in the LMS. It is likely that your question
has been answered there already. Second, you may also discuss the assignment on
the Assignment 1 Questions discussion board. However, please do not post any
source code on the discussion board. Finally, you may also ask questions to your
tutors during the workshops and if it is still unresolved, contact either the lecturer
Thomas Christy ([email protected]) or the head tutor Chitrarth Lav
([email protected]) directly.
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