2014 Placement Exam
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING

PLACEMENT EXAMINATION FOR CS1010/CS1010E
Semester 1 AY2014/2015


July 2014 Time allowed: 2 hours


INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This assessment paper contains SIX (6) questions and comprises ELEVEN (11) printed
pages, including this page.
2. This is a CLOSED BOOK examination. The maximum possible score is 100 marks.
3. Write all your answers in the ANSWER SHEETS provided.
4. Submit both the QUESTION PAPER and the ANSWER SHEETS at the end of the exam.
5. Do NOT look at the questions until you are told to do so.

2014 Placement Exam
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Q1. Tracing [Total: 15 marks]
For each of the following program fragments, write down its output. Each question is
worth 3 marks. You may assume that necessary header files have been included.
1.1
int i, key = 7, index,
arr[10] = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 0, 7, 9};

for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (arr[i] == key) {
index = i;
}
}

printf("%d\n", index);


1.2
char str[] = {'A', 'B', '\0', 'D', 'E', '\0', 'G'};

printf("%s\n", str);
printf("%s\n", &str[3]);
printf("%s\n", str+6);


1.3
char str1[] = "Hello", *str2 = "Hello";

if ( str1 != str2 ) {
printf("A");
} else {
printf("B");
}

if ( !strcmp(str1, str2) ) {
printf("C\n");
} else {
printf("D\n");
}


2014 Placement Exam
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1.4
int num = 3746521, val = 0;

while (num > 0) {
val = val*10 + num%10;
num /= 10;
}

printf("%d\n", val);


1.5
int i, j, count = 0;
int num[10][10], newnum[100];

for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
num[i][j] = i*10 + j;
}
}

for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
newnum[100-count-1] = num[i][j];
count++;
}
}

printf("%d %d\n", newnum[33], newnum[76]);


2014 Placement Exam
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Q2. Tracing [Total: 15 marks]
For each of the following programs, write down its output. Each question is worth 3
marks.
2.1
#include

int foo(int arr[], int size);

int main(void) {
int a[] = {1, 2, 3, -5, 6};
printf("%d %d\n", foo(a, 5), foo(a, 2));
return 0;
}

int foo(int arr[], int size) {
int i, sum = 0;
for (i = size-1; i>=0 && i>size-4; i--) {
sum += arr[i];
}
return sum;
}


2.2
#include
#include

typedef struct {
int a;
char b[10];
} mystruct;

void weird(int a, char b[]);

int main(void) {

mystruct mine = {5, "abc"};

weird(mine.a, mine.b);
printf("%d %s\n", mine.a, mine.b);

return 0;
}

void weird(int a, char b[]) {
a = 10;
strcpy(b, "xy");
}
2014 Placement Exam
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2.3
#include

int a(int n);

int main(void) {
printf("%d\n", a(4));
return 0;
}

int a(int n) {
if (n == 1 || n == 2) {
return 1;
} else {
return a( a(n-1) ) + a( n-a(n-1) );
}
}


2.4
#include

int f(int *p, int q);
void g(int *m, int n);

int main(void) {

int x = 10, y = 20, z = f(&x, y);

printf("%d %d %d\n", x, y, z);

return 0;
}

int f(int *p, int q) {
g(p, q);
return 2 * (*p) + q;
}

void g(int *m, int n) {
(*m)++;
n--;
}


2014 Placement Exam
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2.5
#include

int sort(int arr[], int start, int end);

int main(void) {

int counter, a[] = {7, 5, 3, 1, 6, 9};

counter = sort(a, 0, 2);
printf("%d ", counter);

printf("%d ", a[2]);

counter = sort(a, 3, 5);
printf("%d\n", counter);

return 0;
}

int sort(int arr[], int start, int end) {

int counter = 0, done, hold, k;

do {
done = 1;
for (k = start; k < end; k++) {
if (arr[k] > arr[k+1]) {
hold = arr[k];
arr[k] = arr[k+1];
arr[k+1] = hold;
done = 0;
}
}
counter++;
} while (!done);

return counter;
}

2014 Placement Exam
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Q3. [Total: 15 marks]
Given an array of distinct integers and another integer key, we want to find out the
total number of pairs (x, y), such that x + y = key, where x and y are two integers in
the given array. Note that (x, y) and (y, x) are considered the same pair.
(a) Assuming that the given array arr is unsorted, write a function count_pairs()
to count the total number of pairs. For example, given an array {2, 4, 3, 5} and key 7,
there are two pairs (2, 5) and (4, 3) whose sum equals 7.
Function prototype is as follows. Parameter size is the number of integers in the
array arr.
int count_pairs(int arr[], int size, int key);
[7 marks]

(b) Now consider what if the given array arr is sorted in ascending order of values?
Write a function count_pairs_sorted() to count the total number of pairs.
For example, given an array {0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8} and key 7, there are three pairs (0, 7),
(1, 6) and (3, 4) whose sum equals 7.
Your solution should be efficient (i.e., takes minimum number of comparisons).
Function prototype is as follows. Parameter size is the number of integers in the
array arr.
int count_pairs_sorted(int arr[], int size, int key);
[8 marks]


Q4. [8 marks]
Write a recursive function reverse_print(int n) that reads n integers from
user input and prints them out in the reverse order. For example, if user input is 1 2 3
4 5, this function should print out 5 4 3 2 1.
You are NOT allowed to use any loop structures (for, while or do-while loop) in this
recursive function and no helper function is allowed.
A skeleton program has been given in the answer sheet. Note that n (the number of
integers to read) is passed in as a parameter in the function call.
Two sample runs are given below with user input highlighted in bold.
How many values to enter? 5
1 2 3 4 5
5 4 3 2 1

How many values to enter? 2
-1 2
2 -1
2014 Placement Exam
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Q5. Loops [12 marks]
A positive integer can always be expressed as a product of prime numbers (known as
its primary factors). For instance,
2 = 2
4 = 2 * 2
10 = 2 * 5
15 = 3 * 5
125 = 5 * 5 * 5
We are interested in such integers whose primary factors are only 2 or only 5. In the
above examples, 2, 4 and 125 satisfy this condition while 10 and 15 not.
Given an integer n, write a function print(int n) to print out in ascending order,
all the integers in the range [2, n] (both inclusive) whose primary factors are only 2 or
only 5.
For example, 2, 4, 5, 8, 16, 25 and 32 will be printed out in sequence if n is 32.
You are NOT allowed to use array or recursion in this question.
Two sample runs are given below with user input highlighted in bold.
Enter n: 32
2 4 5 8 16 25 32

Enter n: 24
2 4 5 8 16
2014 Placement Exam
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Q6. Structures [Total: 35 marks]
It’s the end of the semester. We will calculate the Cumulative Average Point (CAP) for
a group of 10 students and identify those students with the highest CAP.
Exam results of all the 10 students are stored in a text file “roster.txt”, an example of
which is shown below where each row is the record of a student, listing in that
sequence, student matric number (a string of alphabet and digits only), the number of
modules taken and for each module, its module credit and the grade obtained.
For example, in the “roster.txt” below, student A0110793H takes 3 modules of 4
credits each and obtains grades "A-", "C" and "B+" in these three modules.
A0110793H 3 4 A- 4 C 4 B+
A0094679J 5 4 A+ 4 A+ 4 A+ 5 A 4 A
A0091900M 4 4 B- 4 A- 4 C+ 3 B+
A0091809X 6 3 B 2 B- 4 B 4 B+ 4 C+ 4 D+
A0094752C 5 3 A+ 4 B+ 4 A- 2 B 4 B+
A0116137U 4 4 C+ 4 B- 4 B+ 5 A-
A0112875T 5 4 B 4 B+ 4 C 4 B+ 4 B+
A0112844F 5 5 A 4 B 4 A+ 4 A 4 B+
A0112882M 5 2 A+ 4 B+ 4 B+ 4 A- 4 A-
A0111214K 3 4 A+ 4 A 4 A


Assuming that a student may take up to 8 modules in a semester, a student_t
structure is defined as follows:
typedef struct {
char matric[10]; // matric number
int num_mods; // number of modules taken
int credit[8]; // credits of modules taken
// credit[0] is the credit
// of the first module, etc.
char grade[8][3]; // grades of modules taken
// grade[0] is the grade of
// the first module, etc.
} student_t;

Your program should print out the student who obtains the highest CAP. In the case
there is more than one such student, print out their matric numbers in the order they
appear in the “roster.txt”. A sample run corresponding to the “roster.txt” given above
is shown below; there are two students who achieve a highest CAP of 5.00.
5.00 A0094679J
5.00 A0111214K
Figure 1. roster.txt
2014 Placement Exam
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As this question is rather complex, let’s apply modular design to break the given task
into several modules (functions) and implement them one by one. Note that each
module is independent of each other such that even if you cannot do a module, you
may still assume it is complete and invoke it as necessary when you do the rest.
(a) Write a function read_records() that reads 10 student records from
“roster.txt” and stores them in an array of student_t variables such that the first
array slot stores information of the first student, etc.
Function prototype is as follows.
void read_records(student_t stu[]);
[8 marks]


(b) Write a function get_grade_point() that takes a grade (a string) as parameter,
returns corresponding grade point according to the following mapping table.
Grade A+ A A- B+ B B- C+ C D+ D F
Grade
Point 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0

Function prototype is as follows.
double get_grade_point(char grade[]);
Note that marks will be deducted for long-winded code.
(Hint: long chain of comparison statements can be shortened by using array.)
[8 marks]


(c) Write a function cal_cap() that takes a student record stored in a student_t
variable, calculates and returns the CAP of this student.
A student’s CAP is calculated as:
= ∑ ( ∗ )
∑

For example, a student takes 4 modules whose module credits are 4, 4, 5 and 2 and
obtains grades "A-", "A", "B+" and "B" respectively, then the CAP is calculated as:
(4 * 4.5 + 4 * 5 + 5 * 4 + 2 * 3.5) / (4 + 4 + 5 + 2) = 4.33.
Function prototype is as follows.
double cal_cap(student_t stu);
[7 marks]

2014 Placement Exam
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(d) Write a function get_highest_cap() that takes an array of 10 student_t
variables and returns the highest CAP among all the students.
Function prototype is as follows.
double get_highest_cap(student_t stu[]);
[6 marks]


(e) Write a function print_top_student() that takes an array of 10
student_t variables and the highest CAP among all these students, prints out the
CAP and matric number of the student who obtains the highest CAP. In the case
there is more than one such student to print out, output them each on a line in the
order they appear in the array. .
The CAP of a student should be printed out in two decimal places; check the sample
run on page 9 for output format.
Function prototype is as follows.
void print_top_student(student_t stu[], double max_cap);
[6 marks]






=== END OF PAPER ===